PubMed

55 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2016/07/28PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2016/07/25PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Application of genomics for understanding plant virus-insect vector interactions and insect vector control. Phytopathology. 2016 Jul 20; Authors: Kaur N, Hasegawa DK, Ling KS, Wintermantel WM Abstract The relationships between plant viruses and their vectors have evolved over the millennia and yet, studies on viruses began <150 years ago and investigations into the virus and vector interactions even more recently. The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS), including rapid genome and transcriptome analysis, methods for evaluation of small RNAs and the related disciplines of proteomics and metabolomics offer a significant shift in the ability to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in virus infection and transmission by insect vectors. Genomic technologies offer an unprecedented opportunity to examine the response of insect vectors to the presence of ingested viruses through gene expression changes and altered biochemical pathways. This review focuses on the interactions between viruses and their whitefly or thrips vectors, and potential applications of genomics-driven control of the insect vectors. Recent studies have evaluated gene expression in vectors during feeding on plants infected with begomoviruses, criniviruses, and tospoviruses, which exhibit very different types of virus-vector interactions. These studies demonstrate the advantages of genomics and the potential complementary studies that rapidly advance our understanding of the biology of virus transmission by insect vectors, and offer additional opportunities to design novel genetic strategies to manage insect vectors and the viruses they transmit. PMID: 27442532 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolic traits of pathogenic streptococci. FEBS Lett. 2016 Jul 21; Authors: Willenborg J, Goethe R Abstract Invasive and non-invasive diseases caused by facultative pathogenic streptococci depend on their equipment with virulence factors and on their ability to sense and adapt to changing nutrients in different host environments. The knowledge of the principal metabolic mechanisms which allow these bacteria to recognise and utilise nutrients in host habitats is a prerequisite for our understanding of streptococcal pathogenicity and the development of novel control strategies. This review aims to summarize and compare the central carbohydrate metabolic and amino acid biosynthetic pathways of a selected group of streptococcal species, all belonging to the naso-oropharyngeal microbiome in humans and/or animals. We also discuss the urgent need of comprehensive metabolomics approaches for a better understanding of the streptococcal metabolism during host-pathogen interaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 27442496 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolic Profiles Reveal Changes in Wild and Cultivated Soybean Seedling Leaves under Salt Stress. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159622 Authors: Zhang J, Yang D, Li M, Shi L Abstract Clarification of the metabolic mechanisms underlying salt stress responses in plants will allow further optimization of crop breeding and cultivation to obtain high yields in saline-alkali land. Here, we characterized 68 differential metabolites of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and wild soybean (Glycine soja) under neutral-salt and alkali-salt stresses using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics, to reveal the physiological and molecular differences in salt tolerance. According to comparisons of growth parameters under the two kinds of salt stresses, the level of inhibition in wild soybean was lower than in cultivated soybean, especially under alkali-salt stress. Moreover, wild soybean contained significantly higher amounts of phenylalanine, asparagine, citraconic acid, citramalic acid, citric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid under neutral-salt stress, and higher amounts of palmitic acid, lignoceric acid, glucose, citric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid under alkali-salt stress, than cultivated soybean. Further investigations demonstrated that the ability of wild soybean to salt tolerance was mainly based on the synthesis of organic and amino acids, and the more active tricarboxylic acid cycle under neutral-salt stress. In addition, the metabolite profiling analysis suggested that the energy generation from β-oxidation, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle plays important roles under alkali-salt stress. Our results extend the understanding of mechanisms involved in wild soybean salt tolerance and provide an important reference for increasing yields and developing salt-tolerant soybean cultivars. PMID: 27442489 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolite profiling study on the toxicological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether in a rat model. Environ Toxicol. 2016 Jul 21; Authors: Jung YS, Lee J, Seo J, Hwang GS Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used to retard the combustion of materials such as foam padding, textiles, or plastics, and numerous studies have confirmed the accumulation thereof in the environment and in fish, mammals, and humans. In this study, we used metabolomics to conduct an environmental risk assessment of the PBDE-209. We profiled the urinary metabolites of control and PBDE-treated rats (exposed to PBDE-209) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Global metabolic profiling indicated that the effects of PBDE-209 on the urinary metabolic profile were not significant. However, targeted metabolic profiling revealed progressive effects of PBDE-209 over a 7-day PBDE-209 treatment. Moreover, despite the weak PBDE-209 effects, we observed that choline, acetylcholine, 3-indoxylsulfate, creatinine, urea, and dimethyl sulfone levels were decreased, whereas that of pyruvate was significantly increased. Furthermore, we suggest that the increased pyruvate level and decreased levels of choline, acetylcholine, and uremic toxins were suggestive of endocrine disruption and neurodevelopmental toxicity caused by PBDEs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2016. PMID: 27442109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolic Profiling of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Comparison with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Systemic Sclerosis. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159384 Authors: Bengtsson AA, Trygg J, Wuttge DM, Sturfelt G, Theander E, Donten M, Moritz T, Sennbro CJ, Torell F, Lood C, Surowiec I, Rännar S, Lundstedt T Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which can affect most organ systems including skin, joints and the kidney. Clinically, SLE is a heterogeneous disease and shares features of several other rheumatic diseases, in particular primary Sjögrens syndrome (pSS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), why it is difficult to diagnose The pathogenesis of SLE is not completely understood, partly due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used as a tool for improved diagnosis of SLE compared to other similar autoimmune diseases. We observed differences in metabolic profiles with a classification specificity above 67% in the comparison of SLE with pSS, SSc and a matched group of healthy individuals. Selected metabolites were also significantly different between studied diseases. Biochemical pathway analysis was conducted to gain understanding of underlying pathways involved in the SLE pathogenesis. We found an increased oxidative activity in SLE, supported by increased xanthine oxidase activity and an increased turnover in the urea cycle. The most discriminatory metabolite observed was tryptophan, with decreased levels in SLE patients compared to control groups. Changes of tryptophan levels were related to changes in the activity of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and/or to activation of the kynurenine pathway. PMID: 27441838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Comparative analysis of the proximate and elemental composition of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa, and the edible crab Cancer pagurus. Heliyon. 2016 Feb;2(2):e00075 Authors: Zotti M, Coco LD, Pascali SA, Migoni D, Vizzini S, Mancinelli G, Fanizzi FP Abstract The proximate composition and element contents of claw muscle tissue of Atlantic blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) were compared with the native warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa) and the commercially edible crab (Cancer pagurus). The scope of the analysis was to profile the chemical characteristics and nutritive value of the three crab species. Elemental fingerprints showed significant inter-specific differences, whereas non-significant variations in the moisture and ash contents were observed. In the blue crab, protein content was significantly lower than in the other two species, while its carbon content resulted lower than that characterizing only the warty crab. Among micro-elements, Ba, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, and Pb showed extremely low concentrations and negligible among-species differences. Significant inter-specific differences were observed for Na, Sr, V, Ba, Cd and Zn; in particular, cadmium and zinc were characterized in the blue crab by concentrations significantly lower than in the other two species. The analysis of the available literature on the three species indicated a general lack of comparable information on their elemental composition. The need to implement extended elemental fingerprinting techniques for shellfish quality assessment is discussed, in view of other complementary profiling methods such as NMR-based metabolomics. PMID: 27441254 [PubMed]

An Integrative Genetic Study of Rice Metabolism, Growth and Stochastic Variation Reveals Potential C/N Partitioning Loci. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30143 Authors: Li B, Zhang Y, Mohammadi SA, Huai D, Zhou Y, Kliebenstein DJ Abstract Studying the genetic basis of variation in plant metabolism has been greatly facilitated by genomic and metabolic profiling advances. In this study, we use metabolomics and growth measurements to map QTL in rice, a major staple crop. Previous rice metabolism studies have largely focused on identifying genes controlling major effect loci. To complement these studies, we conducted a replicated metabolomics analysis on a japonica (Lemont) by indica (Teqing) rice recombinant inbred line population and focused on the genetic variation for primary metabolism. Using independent replicated studies, we show that in contrast to other rice studies, the heritability of primary metabolism is similar to Arabidopsis. The vast majority of metabolic QTLs had small to moderate effects with significant polygenic epistasis. Two metabolomics QTL hotspots had opposing effects on carbon and nitrogen rich metabolites suggesting that they may influence carbon and nitrogen partitioning, with one locus co-localizing with SUSIBA2 (WRKY78). Comparing QTLs for metabolomic and a variety of growth related traits identified few overlaps. Interestingly, the rice population displayed fewer loci controlling stochastic variation for metabolism than was found in Arabidopsis. Thus, it is possible that domestication has differentially impacted stochastic metabolite variation more than average metabolite variation. PMID: 27440503 [PubMed - in process]

Metabolomic analysis of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodules: Potential application for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30075 Authors: Ryoo I, Kwon H, Kim SC, Jung SC, Yeom JA, Shin HS, Cho HR, Yun TJ, Choi SH, Sohn CH, Park S, Kim JH Abstract Thyroid nodules are a very common problem. Since malignant thyroid nodules should be treated surgically, preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer is very crucial. Cytopathologic analysis of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens is the current gold standard for diagnosing thyroid nodules. However, this method has led to high rates of inconclusive results. Metabolomics has emerged as a useful tool in medical fields and shown great potential in diagnosing various cancers. Here, we evaluated the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of percutaneous FNA specimens for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. We analyzed metabolome of FNA samples of papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 35) and benign follicular nodule (n = 69) using a proton NMR spectrometer. The metabolomic profiles showed a considerable discrimination between benign and malignant nodules. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that seven metabolites could serve as discriminators (area under ROC curve value, 0.64-0.85). These findings demonstrated that NMR analysis of percutaneous FNA specimens of thyroid nodules can be potentially useful in the accurate and rapid preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. PMID: 27440433 [PubMed - in process]

Biodiesel and poly-unsaturated fatty acids production from algae and crop plants - a rapid and comprehensive workflow for lipid analysis. Biotechnol J. 2016 Jul 21; Authors: Furuhashi T, Nakamura T, Fragner L, Roustan V, Schön V, Weckwerth W Abstract Fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME) by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely used technique in biodiesel/bioproduct (e.g. poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) research but typically does not allow distinguishing between bound and free fatty acids. To understand and optimize biosynthetic pathways, however, the origin of the fatty acid is an important information. Furthermore the annotation of PUFAs is compromised in classical GC-EI-MS because the precursor molecular ion is missing. In the present protocol we combine an alkaline methyl esterification step with TMS derivatization enabling the simultaneous analysis of bound and free fatty acids but also further lipids such as sterols in one GC-MS chromatogram. We applied this protocol to different lipid extracts from single cell algae to higher plants: Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coffea arabica, Pisum sativum and Cuscuta japonica. Further, field ionization (GC-FI-MS) is introduced for a better annotation of fatty acids and exact determination of the number of double bonds in PUFAs. The proposed workflow provides a convenient strategy to analyze algae and other plant crop systems with respect to their capacity for third generation biodiesel and high-quality bioproducts for nutrition such as PUFA's. PMID: 27440175 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Construction and Evaluation of an Organic Anion Transporter 1 (OAT1)-Centered Metabolic Network. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jul 20; Authors: Liu HC, Jamshidi N, Chen Y, Eraly SA, Cho SY, Bhatnagar V, Wu W, Bush KT, Abagyan R, Palsson BO, Nigam SK Abstract There has been a recent interest in the broader physiological importance of multispecific drug transporters of the SLC and ABC transporter families. Here, a novel multi-tiered systems biology approach was used to predict metabolites and signaling molecules potentially affected by the in vivo deletion of organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1, Slc22a6, originally NKT), a major kidney-expressed drug transporter. Validation of some predictions in wet-lab assays, together with re-evaluation of existing transport and knockout metabolomics data, generated an experimentally-validated, confidence-ranked set of OAT1-interacting endogenous compounds enabling construction of an OAT1-centered metabolic interaction network. Pathway and enrichment analysis indicated an important role for OAT1 in metabolism involving: the TCA cycle, tryptophan and other amino acids, fatty acids, prostaglandins, cyclic nucleotides, odorants, polyamines, and vitamins. The partly-validated reconstructed network is also consistent with a major role for OAT1 in modulating metabolic and signaling pathways involving uric acid, gut microbiome products and so-called uremic toxins accumulating in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Together, the findings are compatible with the hypothesized role of drug transporters in remote inter-organ and inter-organismal communication (the Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis, Nigam SK. 2015, Nature Rev Drug Disc 14:29). The fact that OAT1 can affect many systemic biological pathways suggests that drug-metabolite interactions (DMI) need to be considered beyond simple competition for the drug transporter itself and may explain aspects of drug-induced metabolic syndromes. Our approach should provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of OAT1 and other drug transporters implicated in metabolic diseases like gout, diabetes and CKD. PMID: 27440044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Profiling microbial lignocellulose degradation and utilization by emergent omics technologies. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2016 Jul 20;:1-15 Authors: Rosnow JJ, Anderson LN, Nair RN, Baker ES, Wright AT Abstract The use of plant materials to generate renewable biofuels and other high-value chemicals is the sustainable and preferable option, but will require considerable improvements to increase the rate and efficiency of lignocellulose depolymerization. This review highlights novel and emerging technologies that are being developed and deployed to characterize the process of lignocellulose degradation. The review will also illustrate how microbial communities deconstruct and metabolize lignocellulose by identifying the necessary genes and enzyme activities along with the reaction products. These technologies include multi-omic measurements, cell sorting and isolation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), activity-based protein profiling, and direct measurement of enzyme activity. The recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose necessitates the need to characterize the methods microbes employ to deconstruct lignocellulose to inform new strategies on how to greatly improve biofuel conversion processes. New technologies are yielding important insights into microbial functions and strategies employed to degrade lignocellulose, providing a mechanistic blueprint in order to advance biofuel production. PMID: 27439855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Caloric restriction of db/db mice reverts hepatic steatosis and body weight with divergent hepatic metabolism. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30111 Authors: Kim KE, Jung Y, Min S, Nam M, Heo RW, Jeon BT, Song DH, Yi CO, Jeong EA, Kim H, Kim J, Jeong SY, Kwak W, Ryu do H, Horvath TL, Roh GS, Hwang GS Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent causes of liver disease and its prevalence is a serious and growing clinical problem. Caloric restriction (CR) is commonly recommended for improvement of obesity-related diseases such as NAFLD. However, the effects of CR on hepatic metabolism remain unknown. We investigated the effects of CR on metabolic dysfunction in the liver of obese diabetic db/db mice. We found that CR of db/db mice reverted insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, body weight and adiposity to those of db/m mice. (1)H-NMR- and UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolite profiling data showed significant metabolic alterations related to lipogenesis, ketogenesis, and inflammation in db/db mice. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that lipogenesis pathway enzymes in the liver of db/db mice were reduced by CR. In addition, CR reversed ketogenesis pathway enzymes and the enhanced autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, collagen deposition and endoplasmic reticulum stress in db/db mice. In particular, hepatic inflammation-related proteins including lipocalin-2 in db/db mice were attenuated by CR. Hepatic metabolomic studies yielded multiple pathological mechanisms of NAFLD. Also, these findings showed that CR has a therapeutic effect by attenuating the deleterious effects of obesity and diabetes-induced multiple complications. PMID: 27439777 [PubMed - in process]

Unexpected formation of a fused double cycle trinuclear gold(i) complex supported by ortho-phenyl metallated aryl-diphosphine ligands and strong aurophilic interactions. Dalton Trans. 2016 Jul 21; Authors: Jobbágy C, Baranyai P, Szabó P, Holczbauer T, Rácz B, Li L, Naumov P, Deák A Abstract The first homoleptic trinuclear arylgold(i) complex, [Au3(L')2](NO3) (3), based on an ortho-phenyl metallated aryl-diphosphine ligand (L' = o-C6H4PPh(C15H10O)PPh2), has been obtained through a new thermolytic reaction of the corresponding diauracycle, [Au2(L)2](NO3)2 (L = xantphos). The formation of 3 involves activation of the ortho-phenyl C-H bond of the xantphos ligands. The presence of Au-C bonds in this new gold-diphosphine cluster is not its only remarkable feature, since it also displays two 12-membered rings fused together and a linear {Au3} chain with aurophilic interactions. Complex 3 exhibits strong sky-blue luminescence that can be assigned to a triplet metal-metal ((3)MM) transition partially mixed with a ligand-to-metal-metal charge transfer ((3)LMMCT) transition related to the aurophilic bonding. This [Au3(L')2](+) triauracycle also shows AIEE-activity, and is a selective luminescent chemosensor for metal ions. PMID: 27439467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Molecular mechanisms by which marine phytoplankton respond to their dynamic chemical environment. Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2015;7:325-40 Authors: Palenik B Abstract Marine scientists have long been interested in the interactions of marine phytoplankton with their chemical environments. Nutrient availability clearly controls carbon fixation on a global scale, but the interactions between phytoplankton and nutrients are complex and include both short-term responses (seconds to minutes) and longer-term evolutionary adaptations. This review outlines how genomics and functional genomics approaches are providing a better understanding of these complex interactions, especially for cyanobacteria and diatoms, for which the genome sequences of multiple model organisms are available. Transporters and related genes are emerging as the most likely candidates for biomarkers in stress-specific studies, but other genes are also possible candidates. One surprise has been the important role of horizontal gene transfer in mediating chemical-biological interactions. PMID: 25195866 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Modifications of Dietary Flavonoids towards Improved Bioactivity: An Update on Structure-activity Relationship. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Jul 20;:0 Authors: Chen L, Teng H, Xie Z, Cao H, Cheang WS, Skalicka-Woniak K, Georgiev MI, Xiao J Abstract Over the past two decades, extensive studies have revealed that inflammation represents a major risk factor for various human diseases. Chronic inflammatory responses predispose to pathological progression of chronic illnesses featured with penetration of inflammatory cells, dysregulation of cellular signaling, excessive generation of cytokines, and loss of barrier function. Hence, the suppression of inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and to treat chronic diseases. Flavonoids, which are widely distributed in humans daily diet, such as vegetables, fruits, tea and cocoa, among others, are considered as bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. Modification of flavonoids including hydroxylation, o-methylation, and glycosylation, can alter their metabolic features and affect mechanisms of inflammation. Structure-activity relationships among naturally occurred flavonoids hence provide us with a preliminary insight into their anti-inflammatory potential, not only attributing to the antioxidant capacity, but also to modulate inflammatory mediators. The present review summarizes current knowledge and underlies mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activities of dietary flavonoids and their influences involved in the development of various inflammatory-related chronic diseases. In addition, the established structure-activity relationships of phenolic compounds in this review may give an inisght for the sreening of new anti-inflammatory agents from dietary materials. PMID: 27438892 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Metabolomics of Methylphenidate and Ethylphenidate: Implications in Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2016 Jul 20; Authors: Dinis-Oliveira RJ Abstract Methylphenidate (MPH) is primarily indicated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy therapy. A marked individual variability in the dose-response has been observed, and therefore dosage must be titrated for optimal therapeutic effect with minimal toxicity. This variability has been claimed to be predominantly pharmacokinetic. Moreover, due to its similar pharmacodynamics to amphetamine, MPH has been abused and fatalities have been reported. This review aims to discuss metabolomics of MPH, namely by presenting all major and minor metabolites. Ritalinic acid is the main metabolite. In addition, minor pathways involving aromatic hydroxylation, microsomal oxidation and conjugation have also been reported to form the p-hydroxy-, oxo- and conjugated metabolites, respectively. MPH may undergo transesterification with ethanol producing ethylphenidate, which is also pharmacologically active. It is expected that knowing the metabolomics of MPH may provide further insights regarding individual contribution for MPH pharmacodynamics and toxicological effects, namely if ethanol is co-consumed. PMID: 27438788 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Fast Filtration of Bacterial or Mammalian Suspension Cell Cultures for Optimal Metabolomics Results. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159389 Authors: Bordag N, Janakiraman V, Nachtigall J, González Maldonado S, Bethan B, Laine JP, Fux E Abstract The metabolome offers real time detection of the adaptive, multi-parametric response of the organisms to environmental changes, pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifications and thus rationalizes the optimization of cell cultures in bioprocessing. In bioprocessing the measurement of physiological intracellular metabolite levels is imperative for successful applications. However, a sampling method applicable to all cell types with little to no validation effort which simultaneously offers high recovery rates, high metabolite coverage and sufficient removal of extracellular contaminations is still missing. Here, quenching, centrifugation and fast filtration were compared and fast filtration in combination with a stabilizing washing solution was identified as the most promising sampling method. Different influencing factors such as filter type, vacuum pressure, washing solutions were comprehensively tested. The improved fast filtration method (MxP® FastQuench) followed by routine lipid/polar extraction delivers a broad metabolite coverage and recovery reflecting well physiological intracellular metabolite levels for different cell types, such as bacteria (Escherichia coli) as well as mammalian cells chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and mouse myeloma cells (NS0).The proposed MxP® FastQuench allows sampling, i.e. separation of cells from medium with washing and quenching, in less than 30 seconds and is robustly designed to be applicable to all cell types. The washing solution contains the carbon source respectively the 13C-labeled carbon source to avoid nutritional stress during sampling. This method is also compatible with automation which would further reduce sampling times and the variability of metabolite profiling data. PMID: 27438065 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Romaneschi Globe Artichokes by NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis. Phytochem Anal. 2016 Jul 20; Authors: de Falco B, Incerti G, Pepe R, Amato M, Lanzotti V Abstract INTRODUCTION: Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) are sources of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds. OBJECTIVES: To apply a NMR metabolomic fingerprinting approach to Cynara cardunculus heads to obtain simultaneous identification and quantitation of the major classes of organic compounds. METHODOLOGY: The edible part of 14 Globe artichoke populations, belonging to the Romaneschi varietal group, were extracted to obtain apolar and polar organic extracts. The analysis was also extended to one species of cultivated cardoon for comparison. The (1) H-NMR of the extracts allowed simultaneous identification of the bioactive metabolites whose quantitation have been obtained by spectral integration followed by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS: Apolar organic extracts were mainly based on highly unsaturated long chain lipids. Polar organic extracts contained organic acids, amino acids, sugars (mainly inulin), caffeoyl derivatives (mainly cynarin), flavonoids, and terpenes. The level of nutraceuticals was found to be highest in the Italian landraces Bianco di Pertosa zia E and Natalina while cardoon showed the lowest content of all metabolites thus confirming the genetic distance between artichokes and cardoon. CONCLUSION: Metabolomic approach coupling NMR spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis allowed for a detailed metabolite profile of artichoke and cardoon varieties to be obtained. Relevant differences in the relative content of the metabolites were observed for the species analysed. This work is the first application of (1) H-NMR with multivariate statistics to provide a metabolomic fingerprinting of Cynara scolymus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 27437863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]