PubMed

Related Articles Metabolomic analysis shows differential hepatic effects of T2 and T3 in rats after short-term feeding with high fat diet. Sci Rep. 2017 May 17;7(1):2023 Authors: Iannucci LF, Cioffi F, Senese R, Goglia F, Lanni A, Yen PM, Sinha RA Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem worldwide, and is often associated with lipotoxic injury, defective mitochondrial function, and insulin resistance. Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. Among the THs, diiodothyronine (T2) and triiodothyronine (T3) have shown promising results in lowering hepatic fat content in various models of NAFLD. In this study, we used a targeted metabolomics approach to investigate the differential effects of T2 and T3 on the early metabolic adaptation in the livers of rats fed high fat diet (HFD), a period when hepatosteatosis is reversible. Our results showed that both T2 and T3 strongly induced autophagy and intra-hepatic acylcarnitine flux but prevented the generation of sphingolipid/ceramides in animals fed HFD. Interestingly, although both T2 and T3 decreased hepatic fat content, only T2 was able to rescue the impairment in AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways caused by HFD. In summary, we have identified and characterized the effects of T2 and T3 on hepatic metabolism during short-term exposure to HFD. These findings illuminate the common and divergent metabolic pathways by T2 and T3 that also may be important in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. PMID: 28515456 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Astrocytic glycogen-derived lactate fuels the brain during exhaustive exercise to maintain endurance capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 May 17;: Authors: Matsui T, Omuro H, Liu YF, Soya M, Shima T, McEwen BS, Soya H Abstract Brain glycogen stored in astrocytes provides lactate as an energy source to neurons through monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to maintain neuronal functions such as hippocampus-regulated memory formation. Although prolonged exhaustive exercise decreases brain glycogen, the role of this decrease and lactate transport in the exercising brain remains less clear. Because muscle glycogen fuels exercising muscles, we hypothesized that astrocytic glycogen plays an energetic role in the prolonged-exercising brain to maintain endurance capacity through lactate transport. To test this hypothesis, we used a rat model of exhaustive exercise and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to observe comprehensive energetics of the brain (cortex and hippocampus) and muscle (plantaris). At exhaustion, muscle glycogen was depleted but brain glycogen was only decreased. The levels of MCT2, which takes up lactate in neurons, increased in the brain, as did muscle MCTs. Metabolomics revealed that brain, but not muscle, ATP was maintained with lactate and other glycogenolytic/glycolytic sources. Intracerebroventricular injection of the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol did not affect peripheral glycemic conditions but suppressed brain lactate production and decreased hippocampal ATP levels at exhaustion. An MCT2 inhibitor, α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamate, triggered a similar response that resulted in lower endurance capacity. These findings provide direct evidence for the energetic role of astrocytic glycogen-derived lactate in the exhaustive-exercising brain, implicating the significance of brain glycogen level in endurance capacity. Glycogen-maintained ATP in the brain is a possible defense mechanism for neurons in the exhausted brain. PMID: 28515312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Natural mutagenesis-enabled global proteomic study of metabolic and carbon source implications in mutant thermoacidophillic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus PBL2025. J Proteome Res. 2017 May 17;: Authors: Qiu W, Pham TK, Zou X, Ow SY, Wright PC Abstract The thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus has been widely used as a model organism for archaeal systems biology research. Investigation using its spontaneous mutant PBL2025 provides an effective metabolic baseline to study subsequent mutagenesis-induced process shifts as well as changes in feedback inhibitions. Here, an untargeted metabolic investigation using quantitative proteomics and metabolomics was performed to correlate changes in S. solfataricus strains P2 against PBL2025 and under both glucose and tryptone. The study is combined with pathway enrichment analysis to identify prominent proteins with differential stoichiometry. Proteome level quantification reveals that over 20% of the observed overlapping proteome is differentially expressed under these conditions. Metabolic-induced differential expressions are observed along the central carbon metabolism, along with 12 other significantly regulated pathways. Current findings suggest that PBL2025 is able to compensate through the induction of carbon metabolism, as well as other anabolic pathways such as Val, Leu and iso-Leu biosynthesis. Studying protein abundance changes after changes in carbon sources also reveals distinct differences in metabolic strategies employed by both strains, whereby a clear down-regulation of carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism is observed for P2, while a mixed response through down-regulation of energy formation and up-regulation of glycolysis is observed for PBL2025. This study contributes, to date, the most comprehensive network of changes in carbohydrate and amino acid pathways using the complementary systems biology observations at the protein and metabolite levels. Current findings provide a unique insight into molecular processing changes through natural (spontaneous) metabolic rewiring, as well as a systems biology understanding of the metabolic elasticity of thermoacidophiles to environmental carbon source change; potentially guiding more efficient directed mutagenesis in archaea. PMID: 28514846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Which Specialized Metabolites Does the Native Subantarctic Gastropod Notodiscus hookeri Extract from the Consumption of the Lichens Usnea taylorii and Pseudocyphellaria crocata? Molecules. 2017 Mar 08;22(3): Authors: Gadea A, Le Pogam P, Biver G, Boustie J, Le Lamer AC, Le Dévéhat F, Charrier M Abstract Notodiscus hookeri is the only representative of terrestrial gastropods on Possession Island and exclusively feeds on lichens. The known toxicity of various lichen metabolites to plant-eating invertebrates led us to propose that N. hookeri evolved means to protect itself from their adverse effects. To validate this assumption, the current study focused on the consumption of two lichen species: Usnea taylorii and Pseudocyphellaria crocata. A controlled feeding experiment was designed to understand how the snail copes with the unpalatable and/or toxic compounds produced by these lichen species. The occurrence of two snail ecophenotypes, represented by a mineral shell and an organic shell, led to address the question of a metabolic response specific to the phenotype. Snails were fed for two months with one of these lichens and the chemical profiles of biological samples of N. hookeri (i.e., crop, digestive gland, intestine, and feces) were established by HPLC-DAD-MS and compared to that of the lichens. N. hookeri appears as a generalist lichen feeder able to consume toxic metabolite-containing lichens, independently of the ecophenotype. The digestive gland did not sequester lichen metabolites. The snail metabolism might be based on four non-exclusive processes according to the concerned metabolites (avoidance, passive transport, hydrolysis, and excretion). PMID: 28282888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Metabolite Profiling of Eastern Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens L.) Lipophilic Leaf Extracts with Hyaluronidase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity. Molecules. 2017 Mar 06;22(3): Authors: Michel P, Owczarek A, Matczak M, Kosno M, Szymański P, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Kilanowicz A, Wesołowski W, Olszewska MA Abstract The phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Gaultheria procumbens dry lipophilic leaf extracts were evaluated. Forty compounds were identified by GC-MS, representing 86.36% and 81.97% of the petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts, respectively, with ursolic acid (28.82%), oleanolic acid (10.11%), methyl benzoate (10.03%), and methyl salicylate (6.88%) dominating in CHE, and methyl benzoate (21.59%), docosane (18.86%), and octacosane (11.72%) prevailing in PE. Three components of CHE were fully identified after flash chromatography isolation and spectroscopic studies as (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (4.35%), 8-demethyl-latifolin (1.13%), and 8-demethylsideroxylin (2.25%). Hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was tested for CHE (IC50 = 282.15 ± 10.38 μg/mL and 899.97 ± 31.17 μg/mL, respectively), PE (IC50 = 401.82 ± 16.12 μg/mL and 738.49 ± 15.92 μg/mL), and nine of the main constituents versus heparin (IC50 = 366.24 ± 14.72 μg/mL) and indomethacin (IC50 = 92.60 ± 3.71 μg/mL) as positive controls. With the best activity/concentration relationships, ursolic and oleanolic acids were recommended as analytical markers for the extracts and plant material. Seasonal variation of both markers following foliar development was investigated by UHPLC-PDA. The highest levels of ursolic (5.36-5.87 mg/g DW of the leaves) and oleanolic (1.14-1.26 mg/g DW) acids were observed between August and October, indicating the optimal season for harvesting. PMID: 28272321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Promotes Pro-Glycolytic Metabolic Perturbations Required for Transformation. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Nov;12(11):e1006020 Authors: Berrios C, Padi M, Keibler MA, Park DE, Molla V, Cheng J, Lee SM, Stephanopoulos G, Quackenbush J, DeCaprio JA Abstract Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is an etiological agent of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive skin cancer. The MCPyV small tumor antigen (ST) is required for maintenance of MCC and can transform normal cells. To gain insight into cellular perturbations induced by MCPyV ST, we performed transcriptome analysis of normal human fibroblasts with inducible expression of ST. MCPyV ST dynamically alters the cellular transcriptome with increased levels of glycolytic genes, including the monocarboxylate lactate transporter SLC16A1 (MCT1). Extracellular flux analysis revealed increased lactate export reflecting elevated aerobic glycolysis in ST expressing cells. Inhibition of MCT1 activity suppressed the growth of MCC cell lines and impaired MCPyV-dependent transformation of IMR90 cells. Both NF-κB and MYC have been shown to regulate MCT1 expression. While MYC was required for MCT1 induction, MCPyV-induced MCT1 levels decreased following knockdown of the NF-κB subunit RelA, supporting a synergistic activity between MCPyV and MYC in regulating MCT1 levels. Several MCC lines had high levels of MYCL and MYCN but not MYC. Increased levels of MYCL was more effective than MYC or MYCN in increasing extracellular acidification in MCC cells. Our results demonstrate the effects of MCPyV ST on the cellular transcriptome and reveal that transformation is dependent, at least in part, on elevated aerobic glycolysis. PMID: 27880818 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Small-molecule pheromones and hormones controlling nematode development. Nat Chem Biol. 2017 May 17;13(6):577-586 Authors: Butcher RA Abstract The existence of small-molecule signals that influence development in Caenorhabditis elegans has been known for several decades, but only in recent years have the chemical structures of several of these signals been established. The identification of these signals has enabled connections to be made between these small molecules and fundamental signaling pathways in C. elegans that influence not only development but also metabolism, fertility, and lifespan. Spurred by these important discoveries and aided by recent advances in comparative metabolomics and NMR spectroscopy, the field of nematode chemistry has the potential to expand dramatically in the coming years. This Perspective will focus on small-molecule pheromones and hormones that influence developmental events in the nematode life cycle (ascarosides, dafachronic acids, and nemamides), will cover more recent work regarding the biosynthesis of these signals, and will explore how the discovery of these signals is transforming our understanding of nematode development and physiology. PMID: 28514418 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles A Web Service Framework for Interactive Analysis of Metabolomics Data. Anal Chem. 2017 May 17;: Authors: Lyutvinskiy Y, Watrous JD, Jain M, Nilsson R Abstract Analyzing mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data presents a major challenge to metabolism researchers, as it requires downloading and processing large data volumes through complex "pipelines", even in cases where only a single metabolite or peak is of interest. This presents a significant hurdle for data sharing, reanalysis, or meta-analysis of existing data sets, whether locally stored or available from public repositories. Here we introduce mzAccess, a software system that provides interactive, online access to primary mass spectrometry data in real-time via a Web service protocol, circumventing the need for bulk data processing. mzAccess allows querying instrument data for spectra, chromatograms, or two-dimensional MZ-RT areas in either profile or centroid modes through a simple, uniform interface that is independent of vendor or instrument type. Using a cache mechanism, mzAccess achieves response times in the millisecond range for typical liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peaks, enabling real-time browsing of large data sets with hundreds or even thousands of samples. By simplifying access to metabolite data, we hope that this system will help enable data sharing and reanalysis in the metabolomics field. PMID: 28514166 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles Body Composition Analysis by Using Bioelectrical Impedance in a Young Healthy Chinese Population: Methodological Considerations. Food Nutr Bull. 2017 Jun;38(2):172-181 Authors: Chen W, Jiang H, Yang JX, Yang H, Liu JM, Zhen XY, Feng LJ, Yu JC Abstract OBJECTIVE: To develop a new bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) model for analyzing body composition by using isotope dilution, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference methods in young healthy Chinese populations. METHODS: Thirty healthy participants were enrolled. Their body composition was analyzed using BIA and 3 reference methods. We established a model that uniformed data from 3 references methods (isotope, MRI, and DEXA) into 1 formula. This model was further validated with 209 participants. RESULTS: The following BIA body composition adjustment model was developed: [Formula: see text], where X represents the impedance index; when K = 1, 2, and 3, Y represents total body water, fat mass, and bone mass, respectively. The prediction accuracy of this formula was 93.3%. By incorporating the data matrix, the protein mass was calculated using BIA: [Formula: see text]. In the verification part of this study, the lean body mass measured using DEXA and BIA was 43.02 ± 8.34 kg and 45.85 ± 8.81 kg, respectively. Analysis indicated that the model fit was extremely favorable ( R(2) = .9997, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of BIA measurement on body composition and protein mass is significantly improved by our work. PMID: 28513264 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Metabolic Perturbation and Potential Markers in Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2017;2017:5469597 Authors: Zhu X, Wang K, Liu G, Wang Y, Xu J, Liu L, Li M, Shi J, Aa J, Yu L Abstract Clinical diagnosis of esophageal cancer (EC) at early stage is rather difficult. This study aimed to profile the molecules in serum and tissue and identify potential biomarkers in patients with EC. A total of 64 volunteers were recruited, and 83 samples (24 EC serum samples, 21 serum controls, 19 paired EC tissues, and corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues) were analyzed. The gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) was employed, and principal component analysis was used to reveal the discriminatory metabolites and identify the candidate markers of EC. A total of 41 in serum and 36 identified compounds in tissues were relevant to the malignant prognosis. A marked metabolic reprogramming of EC was observed, including enhanced anaerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis, inhibited tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and altered lipid metabolism and amino acid turnover. Based on the potential markers of glucose, glutamic acid, lactic acid, and cholesterol, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated good diagnosis and prognosis of EC. EC patients showed distinct reprogrammed metabolism involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid metabolism. The pivotal molecules in the metabolic pathways were suggested as the potential markers to facilitate the early diagnosis of human EC. PMID: 28512469 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles GC-MS Metabolomic Analysis to Reveal the Metabolites and Biological Pathways Involved in the Developmental Stages and Tissue Response of Panax ginseng. Molecules. 2017 Mar 21;22(3): Authors: Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Abozeid A, Zu YG, Zhang XN, Tang ZH Abstract Ginsenosides, the major compounds present in ginseng, are known to have numerous physiological and pharmacological effects. The physiological processes, enzymes and genes involved in ginsenoside synthesis in P. ginseng have been well characterized. However, relatively little information is known about the dynamic metabolic changes that occur during ginsenoside accumulation in ginseng. To explore this topic, we isolated metabolites from different tissues at different growth stages, and identified and characterized them by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 30, 16, 20, 36 and 31 metabolites were identified and involved in different developmental stages in leaf, stem, petiole, lateral root and main root, respectively. To investigate the contribution of tissue to the biosynthesis of ginsenosides, we examined the metabolic changes of leaf, stem, petiole, lateral root and main root during five development stages: 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-years. The score plots of partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) showed clear discrimination between growth stages and tissue samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis in the same tissue at different growth stages indicated profound biochemical changes in several pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism and pentose phosphate metabolism, in addition, the tissues displayed significant variations in amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism and energy metabolism. These results should facilitate further dissection of the metabolic flux regulation of ginsenoside accumulation in different developmental stages or different tissues of ginseng. PMID: 28335577 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Profiling and Preparation of Metabolites from Pyragrel in Human Urine by Online Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Followed by a Macroporous Resin-Based Purification Approach. Molecules. 2017 Mar 21;22(3): Authors: Zhao X, Jiang J, Yang G, Huang J, Yang G, He G, Chu Z, Hang T, Fan G Abstract Pyragrel, a new anticoagulant drug, is derived from the molecular combination of ligustrazine and ferulic acid. Pyragrel showed significant inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and had been approved for a phase I clinical trial by CFDA. To characterize the metabolites of Pyragrel in human urine after intravenous administration, a reliable online solid-phase extraction couple with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE-HPLC-MS(n)) method was conceived and applied. Five metabolites were detected and tentatively identified, which suggested that the major metabolic pathways of Pyragrel in human were double-bond reduction, double-bond oxidation, and then followed by glucuronide conjugation. Two main metabolites were then prepared using β-glucuronide hydrolysis and macroporous resin purification approach followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) method, with their structures confirmed on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. This study provided information for the further study of the metabolism and excretion of Pyragrel. PMID: 28335566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Monitoring of pistachio (Pistacia Vera) ripening by high field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat Prod Res. 2017 Apr;31(7):765-772 Authors: Sciubba F, Avanzato D, Vaccaro A, Capuani G, Spagnoli M, Di Cocco ME, Tzareva IN, Delfini M Abstract The metabolic profiling of pistachio (Pistacia vera) aqueous extracts from two different cultivars, namely 'Bianca' and 'Gloria', was monitored over the months from May to September employing high field NMR spectroscopy. A large number of water-soluble metabolites were assigned by means of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The change in the metabolic profiles monitored over time allowed the pistachio development to be investigated. Specific temporal trends of amino acids, sugars, organic acids and other metabolites were observed and analysed by multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. Statistical analysis showed that while in the period from May to September there were few differences between the two cultivars, the ripening rate was different. PMID: 27712103 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Metabolomic and Genome-wide Association Studies Reveal Potential Endogenous Biomarkers for OATP1B1. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov;100(5):524-536 Authors: Yee SW, Giacomini MM, Hsueh CH, Weitz D, Liang X, Goswami S, Kinchen JM, Coelho A, Zur AA, Mertsch K, Brian W, Kroetz DL, Giacomini KM Abstract Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a major cause of drug toxicities. Using published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the human metabolome, we identified 20 metabolites associated with genetic variants in organic anion transporter, OATP1B1 (P < 5 × 10(-8) ). Of these, 12 metabolites were significantly higher in plasma samples from volunteers dosed with the OATP1B1 inhibitor, cyclosporine (CSA) vs. placebo (q-value < 0.2). Conjugated bile acids and fatty acid dicarboxylates were among the metabolites discovered using both GWAS and CSA administration. In vitro studies confirmed tetradecanedioate (TDA) and hexadecanedioate (HDA) were novel substrates of OATP1B1 as well as OAT1 and OAT3. This study highlights the use of multiple datasets for the discovery of endogenous metabolites that represent potential in vivo biomarkers for transporter-mediated DDIs. Future studies are needed to determine whether these metabolites can serve as qualified biomarkers for organic anion transporters. Quantitative relationships between metabolite levels and modulation of transporters should be established. PMID: 27447836 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Related Articles Ozone Exposure Increases Circulating Stress Hormones and Lipid Metabolites in Humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Jun 15;193(12):1382-91 Authors: Miller DB, Ghio AJ, Karoly ED, Bell LN, Snow SJ, Madden MC, Soukup J, Cascio WE, Gilmour MI, Kodavanti UP Abstract RATIONALE: Air pollution has been associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. We have shown that acute ozone exposure in rats induces release of stress hormones, hyperglycemia, leptinemia, and glucose intolerance that are associated with global changes in peripheral glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. OBJECTIVES: To examine ozone-induced metabolic derangement in humans using serum metabolomic assessment, establish human-to-rodent coherence, and identify novel nonprotein biomarkers. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from a crossover clinical study that included two clinic visits (n = 24 each) where each subject was blindly exposed in the morning to either filtered air or 0.3 parts per million ozone for 2 hours during 15-minute on-off exercise. Serum samples collected within 1 hour after exposure were assessed for changes in metabolites using a metabolomic approach. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Metabolomic analysis revealed that ozone exposure markedly increased serum cortisol and corticosterone together with increases in monoacylglycerol, glycerol, and medium- and long-chain free fatty acids, reflective of lipid mobilization and catabolism. Additionally, ozone exposure increased serum lysolipids, potentially originating from membrane lipid breakdown. Ozone exposure also increased circulating mitochondrial β-oxidation-derived metabolites, such as acylcarnitines, together with increases in the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate. These changes suggested saturation of β-oxidation by ozone in exercising humans. CONCLUSIONS: As in rodents, acute ozone exposure increased stress hormones and globally altered peripheral lipid metabolism in humans, likely through activation of a neurohormonally mediated stress response pathway. The metabolomic assessment revealed new biomarkers and allowed for establishment of rodent-to-human coherence. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01492517). PMID: 26745856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2017/05/17PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

24 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2017/05/16PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Related Articles Metabolomic Bioinformatic Analysis. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1606:341-352 Authors: Dailey AL Abstract Metabolomics allows for the investigation of the small molecules found within living systems. Based on the design of the experiments, it is not uncommon for these analyses to include matrices of thousands of variables. In order to handle such large datasets, many have turned to multivariate statistical analyses to analyze and understand their data. Herein, we present protocols for using R to analyze metabolomic data using some of the more common multivariate statistical techniques. PMID: 28502011 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles LC-Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1606:333-340 Authors: Dailey AL Abstract The field of metabolomics is greatly being refined by the addition of new technologies. LC-MS has allowed researchers to explore additional metabolites which were not originally captured through GC-MS. Through the customizability of the LC columns and mass spectrometer, it is now easier to tailor the instrument to your research needs. Herein, we describe a protocol for sample preparation and data acquisition for a global metabolomic analysis of tissues or feces. PMID: 28502010 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles Implementing liquid biopsies into clinical decision making for cancer immunotherapy. Oncotarget. 2017 Apr 24;: Authors: Quandt D, Zucht HD, Amann A, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Borrebaeck C, Cannarile M, Lambrechts D, Oberacher H, Garrett J, Nayak T, Kazinski M, Massie C, Schwarzenbach H, Maio M, Prins R, Wendik B, Hockett R, Enderle D, Noerholm M, Hendriks H, Zwierzina H, Seliger B Abstract During the last decade, novel immunotherapeutic strategies, in particular antibodies directed against immune checkpoint inhibitors, have revolutionized the treatment of different malignancies leading to an improved survival of patients. Identification of immune-related biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of immune responses and selection of patients for specific cancer immunotherapies is urgently required and therefore areas of intensive research. Easily accessible samples in particular liquid biopsies (body fluids), such as blood, saliva or urine, are preferred for serial tumor biopsies.Although monitoring of immune and tumor responses prior, during and post immunotherapy has led to significant advances of patients' outcome, valid and stable prognostic biomarkers are still missing. This might be due to the limited capacity of the technologies employed, reproducibility of results as well as assay stability and validation of results. Therefore solid approaches to assess immune regulation and modulation as well as to follow up the nature of the tumor in liquid biopsies are urgently required to discover valuable and relevant biomarkers including sample preparation, timing of the collection and the type of liquid samples. This article summarizes our knowledge of the well-known liquid material in a new context as liquid biopsy and focuses on collection and assay requirements for the analysis and the technical developments that allow the implementation of different high-throughput assays to detect alterations at the genetic and immunologic level, which could be used for monitoring treatment efficiency, acquired therapy resistance mechanisms and the prognostic value of the liquid biopsies. PMID: 28501851 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]