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138 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/19PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

22 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/14PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

19 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: metabolomics These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/13PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Obesity Genomics and Metabolomics: a Nexus of Cardiometabolic Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2020 Oct 10;22(12):174 Authors: Regan JA, Shah SH Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a significant international public health epidemic with major downstream consequences on morbidity and mortality. While lifestyle factors contribute, there is an evolving understanding of genomic and metabolomic pathways involved with obesity and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk. This review will provide an overview of some of these important findings from both a biologic and clinical perspective. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have identified polygenic risk scores and metabolomic biomarkers of obesity and related outcomes, which have also highlighted biological pathways, such as the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathway that is dysregulated in this disease. These biomarkers may help in personalizing obesity interventions and for mitigation of future cardiometabolic risk. A multifaceted approach is necessary to impact the growing epidemic of obesity and related diseases. This will likely include incorporating precision medicine approaches with genomic and metabolomic biomarkers to personalize interventions and improve risk prediction. PMID: 33040225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Explore of the beneficial effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction on diabetic encephalopathy in db/db mice by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS/MS based untargeted metabolomics analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020 Sep 28;192:113652 Authors: He WJ, Cao DM, Chen YB, Shi JJ, Hu T, Zhang ZT, Lan T, Tang D, Wang SM Abstract Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a severe diabetic complication with cognitive dysfunction. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD), a famous traditional Chinese formula, is effective for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease in clinical practices, however, the therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of HLJDD on DE is unclear yet. With this purpose, behavior test, brain histological and biochemical analysis were estimated to assess the beneficial effects of HLJDD on DE. Plasma samples were collected for metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS/MS and chemometric analysis. As a result, morris water maze test revealed that HLJDD could effectively improve the learning and memory abilities in db/db mice. Brain histological and biochemical analysis indicated that HLJDD could protect against neurodegeneration and oxidative stress in db/db mice. Meanwhile, a total of 21 potential biomarkers with significant differences were identified between Model group and Control group using untargeted metabolomics strategy. Among them, 11 metabolites showed a trend towards the normal levels after HLJDD intervention. These metabolites principally involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, linoleic acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and glutathione metabolism based on the metabolic pathway analysis, which were regulated in DE model mice after HLJDD intervention. Generally, the results demonstrated that HLJDD had beneficial effects on DE, which could be mediated via ameliorating the metabolic disorders. PMID: 33039912 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolomics analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in horses with naturally-occurring asthma and experimentally-induced airway inflammation. Res Vet Sci. 2020 Sep 29;133:276-282 Authors: Albornoz A, Alarcon P, Morales N, Uberti B, Henriquez C, Manosalva C, Burgos RA, Moran G Abstract The present work characterized the metabolomic profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy horses, experimentally-induced airway inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) nebulization, and naturally-occurring asthma (n = 3 in each group). All animals underwent clinical and upper airway endoscopic examinations, and bronchoalveolar lavage. BALF supernatant samples were subjected to metabolic analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, 67 peaks were obtained from BALF GC-MS analysis, corresponding to 53 metabolites which were categorized according to chemical class, such as organic acids, fatty acids, nucleosides or their derivatives, amino acids, peptides or their derivatives, carbohydrates, and other compounds. Our results showed that the airway inflammation induction model with LPS produced the same pattern of metabolite changes as in horses with naturally occurring asthma. Metabolic pathway analysis was done by means of Fisher's exact test, for detection of metabolites over-represented in asthma affected-horses and LPS-induced airway inflammation as compared with healthy horses. The most significant altered metabolic pathways were fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism and citrate cycle. These results suggest that the airway inflammation induction model with LPS is a good study model for asthma-affected horses, due to the similarity of the profile of inflammatory cells (specifically neutrophils) and similar metabolic alterations found in BALF that occur during the inflammatory process of the airways. Further research may increase understanding of metabolomics disturbances and their significance in the pathogenesis of equine asthma. PMID: 33039879 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Tyrosine supplement ameliorates murine aGVHD by modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome. EBioMedicine. 2020 Oct 08;61:103048 Authors: Li X, Lin Y, Li X, Xu X, Zhao Y, Xu L, Gao Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Qian P, Huang H Abstract BACKGROUND: Microbial communities and their metabolic components in the gut are of vital importance for immune homeostasis and have an influence on the susceptibility of the host to a number of immune-mediated diseases like acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, little is known about the functional connections between microbiome and metabolome in aGVHD due to the complexity of the gastrointestinal environment. METHOD: Initially, gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype in aGVHD murine models were unleashed by performing 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics. FINDINGS: The group with aGVHD experienced a significant drop in Lachnospiraceae_unclassified but an increase in the relative abundance of Clostridium XI, Clostridium XIVa and Enterococcus. Meanwhile, a lower content of tyrosine was observed in the gut of aGVHD mice. The correlation analysis revealed that tyrosine-related metabolites were inversely correlated with Clostridium XIVa, besides, Blautia and Enterococcus also displayed the negative tendency in aGVHD condition. Apart from exploring the importance and function of tyrosine, different tyrosine diets were offered to mice during transplantation. Additional tyrosine supplements can improve overall survival, ameliorate symptoms at the early stage of aGVHD and change the structure and composition of gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype. In addition, aGVHD mice deprived from tyrosine displayed worse manifestations than the vehicle diet group. INTERPRETATION: The results demonstrated the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota, indispensable metabolites and tyrosine in the progression of aGVHD, which can be an underlying biomarker for aGVHD diagnosis and treatment. FUNDING: This research was funded by the International Cooperation and Exchange Program (81520108002), the National Key R&D Program of China, Stem Cell and Translation Research (2018YFA0109300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670169, 81670148, 81870080 and 91949115) and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LQ19H080006). PMID: 33039712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Does the mode of dispersion determine the properties of dispersed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cells? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Oct 08;:106194 Authors: Wille J, Teirlinck E, Sass A, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Kaever V, Braeckmans K, Coenye T Abstract INTRODUCTION: Actively dispersed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cells have been described to possess different properties than planktonic cells, e.g. they have a lower c-di-GMP concentration and show increased virulence. In addition, it was shown that the nature of the dispersion trigger influences the antibiotic susceptibility of dispersed cells. However, properties of passively dispersed cells, in which the dispersion trigger is directly releasing cells from the biofilm have not been described. In the present study we determined c-di-GMP concentration, virulence in Galleria mellonella and antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa cells dispersed from biofilm using various triggers. MATERIALS & METHODS: P. aeruginosa biofilms grown in flow-cells were dispersed actively [exposure to the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or to glutamate] or passively [by stopping and restarting the flow or exposure to laser-induced vapor nanobubbles (VNB)], and properties of these dispersed cells were compared to those of spontaneously-dispersed cells. RESULTS: The passively dispersed P. aeruginosa biofilm cells had significant lower intracellular c-di-GMP levels than actively dispersed cells. However, this did not result in differences in virulence in Galleria mellonella, nor in tobramycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Passively dispersed cells were more susceptible to colistin than actively and spontaneously dispersed cells. Cells dispersed by interrupting the flow show immediately increased susceptibility to colistin, while this was delayed for VNB dispersed cells. CONCLUSION: Passively dispersed P. aeruginosa biofilm cells have a decreased c-di-GMP concentration and an increased colistin susceptibility compared to actively dispersed cells. This did not result in differences in virulence or susceptibility to tobramycin or colistin. PMID: 33039591 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolomics analysis reveals the role of oxygen control in the nitrogen limitation induced lipid accumulation in Mortierella alpine. J Biotechnol. 2020 Oct 08;: Authors: Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W Abstract Lipid hyperaccumulation in oleaginous microorganisms is generally induced by nitrogen limitation, while oxygen supply can influence biomass growth and cell metabolism. Although strategies based on nitrogen limitation or oxygen control have been extensively explored and applied in various oleaginous microorganisms, the role of oxygen supply in nitrogen limitation induced lipid hyperaccumulation still remains unclear. Here, we systematically surveyed the effects of oxygen supply on the oleaginous fungus M. alpina cultured in nitrogen limited conditions through integration of physiochemical parameters and metabolomics analysis. Our results indicated that a high oxygen supply promoted carbon/nitrogen consumption and was used for rapid biomass synthesis, while either high or low oxygen supply conditions were adverse to lipid and ARA accumulation. Different oxygen supply level significantly affected the balance between fermentation for lipid synthesis and respiration for energy generation. Under nitrogen limitation, a suitable oxygen supply promoted the recycling of preformed nitrogen and increased the redirection of carbon towards fatty acid synthesis through the hub centred around glutamic acid coupled to the intermediate metabolism of carbon in the TCA cycle, while a high oxygen supply favored the respiration process and enhanced the degradation of LC-PUFAs, rather than fermentation for fatty acid synthesis. This system-level insight reveals the underlying metabolic mechanism of oxygen control in nitrogen limitation induced lipid accumulation, and provides theoretical support for the integration of oxygen control with nutrient supply for efficient microbial oil production. PMID: 33039549 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Metabolomics in renal cell carcinoma: From biomarker identification to pathomechanism insights. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2020 Oct 08;:108623 Authors: Chen YY, Hu HH, Wang YN, Liu JR, Liu HJ, Liu JL, Zhao YY Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequently diagnosed cancer with high prevalence, which is inversely associated with survival benefit. Although myriad studies have shed light on disease causality, unfortunately, thus far, RCC diagnosis is faced with numerous obstacles partly due to the insufficient knowledge of effective biomarkers, hinting deeper mechanistic understanding are urgently needed. Metabolites are recognized as final proxies for gene-environment interactions and physiological homeostasis as they reflect dynamic processes that are ongoing or have been taken place, and metabolomics may therefore offer a far more productive and cost-effective route to disease discovery, particularly within the arena for new biomarker identification. In this review, we primarily expatiate recent advances in metabolomics that may be amenable to novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for RCC, which may expand our armaments to win more bettles against RCC. PMID: 33039388 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Improvement in the Prediction of Neonatal Hypoxicischemic Encephalopathy with the Integration of Umbilical Cord Metabolites and Current Clinical Makers. J Pediatr. 2020 Oct 08;: Authors: O'Boyle DS, Dunn WB, O'Neill D, Kirwan JA, Broadhurst DI, Hallberg B, Boylan GB, Murray DM Abstract OBJECTIVE: To validate our previously identified candidate metabolites, and to assess the ability of these metabolites to predict hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) both individually and combined with clinical data. STUDY DESIGN: Term neonates with signs of perinatal asphyxia, with and without HIE, and matched controls were recruited prospectively at birth from two large maternity units. Umbilical cord blood was collected for later batch metabolomic analysis by mass spectroscopy along with clinical details. The optimum selection of clinical and metabolites features with the ability to predict the development of HIE was determined using logistic regression modelling and machine learning techniques. Outcome of HIE was determined by clinical Sarnat grading and confirmed by EEG grade at 24 hours. RESULTS: Fifteen of 27 candidate metabolites showed significant alteration in infants with PA or HIE when compared with matched controls. Metabolomic data predicted the development of HIE with an AUC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62-0.71). Lactic acid and alanine were the primary metabolite predictors for the development of HIE, and when combined with clinical data, gave an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92 - 0.95). CONCLUSION: By combining clinical and metabolic data, accurate identification of infants who will develop HIE is possible shortly after birth, allowing early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia. PMID: 33039387 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Suppression of up-regulated LXRα by silybin ameliorates experimental rheumatoid arthritis and abnormal lipid metabolism. Phytomedicine. 2020 Sep 19;80:153339 Authors: Xie Y, Feng SL, Mai CT, Zheng YF, Wang H, Liu ZQ, Zhou H, Liu L Abstract BACKGROUND: As dysregulation of immunometabolism plays a key role in the immunological diseases, dyslipidemia frequently observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (60%) is associated with the disease activity and has been considered as the potential target of anti-inflammatory strategy. However, targeting of metabolic events to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics are far from clear as well as the mechanism of dyslipidemia in RA. PURPOSE: To explore the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of silybin again RA through the regulation of lipid metabolism. METHODS: Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model was used to examine the effects of silybin on modulating dysregulated lipid metabolism and arthritis. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical methods such as western blots, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining were performed to understanding the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, knock-down of LXRα and LXRα agonist were used on LO2 cell lines to understand the action of silybin. RESULTS: We are the first to demonstrate that silybin can ameliorate dyslipidemia and arthritis in AIA rats. Overexpression of LXRα and several key lipogenic enzymes regulated by LXRα, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesterol 7α and 27α hydroxylase (CYP7A, CYP27A), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2/FABP4) and fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT), were observed in AIA rats, which mostly accounted for dyslipidemia during arthritis development. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical results indicated that anti-arthritis effects of silybin related to suppressing the up-regulated LXRα and abnormal lipid metabolism. Notably, activation of LXRα could potentiate cell inflammatory process induced by LPS through the regulation of NF-κB pathway, however, suppression of LXRα agonism by siRNA or silybin reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB as well as the induction of downstream cytokines, indicating LXRα agonism is the important factor for the arthritis development and could be a potential target. CONCLUSION: The up-regulation of LXRα can activate lipogenesis enzymes to worsen the inflammatory process in AIA rats as well as the development of dyslipidemia, therefore, rectifying lipid disorder via suppression of LXRα agonism pertains the capacity of drug target, which enables to discover and develop new drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis with dyslipidaemia. PMID: 33038868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Survival strategies based on the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, for the tea plant [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] in long-term drought stress condition. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020 Oct 06;156:484-493 Authors: Zhang C, Wang M, Chen J, Gao X, Shao C, Lv Z, Jiao H, Xu H, Shen C Abstract Tea plants are important economic perennial crops that can be negatively impacted by drought stress (DS). However, their survival strategies in long-term DS conditions and the accumulation and influence of metabolites and mineral elements (MEs) in their organs, when facing hydraulic vulnerability segmentation, require further investigation. The MEs and metabolites in the leaf, stem, and root after long-term DS (20 d) were examined here, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The accumulation patterns of 116 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and nine MEs were considerably affected in all organs. The concentration of all MEs varied significantly in at least one organ, while the K and Ca levels were markedly altered in all three. Most DAM levels increased in the stem but decreased in the root and leaf, implying that vulnerability segmentation may occur with long-term DS. The typical nitrogen- and carbon-compound levels similarly increased in the stem and decreased in the leaf and root, as the plant might respond to long-term DS by stabilizing respiration, promoting nitrogen recycling, and free radical scavenging. Correlation analysis showed several possible DAM-ME interactions and an association between Mn and flavonoids. Thus, survival strategies under long-term DS included sacrificing distal/vulnerable organs and accumulating function-specialized metabolites and MEs to mitigate drought-induced oxidative damage. This is the first study that reports substance fluctuations after long-term DS in different organs of plants, and highlights the need to use whole plants to fully comprehend stress response strategies. PMID: 33038691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Bio-leaching of manganese from electrolytic manganese slag by Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum Y1: Mechanism and characteristics of microbial metabolites. Bioresour Technol. 2020 Sep 11;319:124056 Authors: Lan J, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhan W, Du Y, Zhang TC, Ye H, Du D, Hou H Abstract The related microbial metabolomics on biological recovery of manganese (Mn) from Electrolytic Manganese Slag (EMS) has not been studied. This study aimed at open the door to the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms in leaching Mn from EMS by using waste molasses (WM) as carbon source. Results show Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum Y1 (Y1) could effectively leach Mn from EMS in combination with using waste molasses as carbon and energy sources. For the first time, Y1 was identified to be capable of generating and then metabolizing several organic acids or other organic matter (e.g., fumaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, glyoxylic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glutaric acid, L(+)-tartaric acid, citric acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, and L-methionine). The production of organic acids by Y1 bacteria was promoted by EMS with the carbon source. This study demonstrated for the first time that metabolic characteristics and carbon source metabolic pathways of Y1 in bioleaching of Mn from EMS. PMID: 33038655 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Optimized sample preparation for fecal volatile organic compound analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolomics. 2020 Oct 10;16(10):112 Authors: El Manouni El Hassani S, Soers RJ, Berkhout DJC, Niemarkt HJ, Weda H, Nijsen T, Benninga MA, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ, Knobel HH Abstract INTRODUCTION: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) is widely considered the gold standard of quantitative fecal VOC analysis. However, guidelines providing general recommendations for bioanalytical method application in research and clinical setting are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To propose an evidence-based research protocol for fecal VOC analysis by HS-GC-MS, based on extensive testing of instrumental and sampling conditions on detection and quantification limits, linearity, accuracy and repeatability of VOC outcome. METHODS: The influence of the following variables were assessed: addition of different salt solutions, injection temperature, injection speed, injection volume, septum use, use of calibration curves and fecal sample mass. Ultimately, the optimal sample preparation was assessed using fecal samples from healthy preterm infants. Fecal VOC analysis in this specific population has potential as diagnostic biomarkers, but available amount of feces is limited here, so optimization of VOC extraction is of importance. RESULTS: We demonstrated that addition of lithium chloride enhanced the release of polar compounds (e.g. small alcohols) into the headspace. Second, a linear relationship between injection volume, speed and temperature, and fecal sample mass on the abundance of VOC was demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of a septum preserved 90% of the non-polar compounds. By application of optimal instrumental and sampling conditions, a maximum of 320 unique compounds consisting of 14 different chemical classes could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may contribute to standardized analysis of fecal VOC by HS-GC-MS, facilitating future application of fecal VOC in clinical practice. PMID: 33037948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Ragweed plants grown under elevated CO2 levels produce pollen which elicit stronger allergic lung inflammation. Allergy. 2020 Oct 09;: Authors: Rauer D, Gilles S, Wimmer M, Frank U, Mueller C, Musiol S, Vafadari B, Aglas L, Ferreira F, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Durner J, Barbro Winkler J, Ernst D, Behrendt H, Schmidt-Weber CB, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Alessandrini F Abstract BACKGROUND: Common ragweed has been spreading as a neophyte in Europe. Elevated CO2 levels, a hallmark of global climate change, have been shown to increase ragweed pollen production, but its effects on pollen allergenicity remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Ragweed was grown in climate-controlled chambers under normal (380 ppm, control) or elevated (700 ppm, based on RCP4.5 scenario) CO2 levels. Aqueous pollen extracts (RWE) from control- or CO2 -pollen were administered in vivo in a mouse model for allergic disease (daily for 3-11 days, n=5) and employed in human in vitro systems of nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and HNEC-DC co-cultures. Additionally, adjuvant factors and metabolites in control- and CO2 -RWE were investigated using ELISA and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS: In-vivo, CO2 -RWE induced stronger allergic lung inflammation compared to control-RWE, as indicated by lung inflammatory cell infiltrate and mediators, mucus hypersecretion and serum total IgE. In vitro, HNECs stimulated with RWE increased indistinctively the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6). In contrast, supernatants from CO2 -RWE-stimulated HNECs, compared to control-RWE-stimulated HNECS, significantly increased TNF and decreased IL-10 production in DCs. Comparable results were obtained by stimulating DCs directly with RWEs. The metabolome analysis revealed differential expression of secondary plant metabolites in control- vs CO2 -RWE. Mixes of these metabolites elicited similar responses in DCs as compared to respective RWEs. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that elevated ambient CO2 levels elicit a stronger RWE-induced allergic response in vivo and in vitro and that RWE increased allergenicity depends on the interplay of multiple metabolites. PMID: 33037672 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Downy mildew resistance is genetically mediated by prophylactic production of phenylpropanoids in hop. Plant Cell Environ. 2020 Oct 09;: Authors: Feiner A, Pitra N, Matthews P, Pillen K, Wessjohann LA, Riewe D Abstract Downy mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli and generates significant losses in quality and yield. To identify the biochemical processes that confer natural downy mildew resistance (DMR), a metabolome- and genome-wide association study was performed. Inoculation of a high density genotyped F1 hop population (n=192) with the obligate biotrophic oomycete P. humuli led to variation in both the levels of thousands of specialized metabolites and DMR. We observed that metabolites of almost all major phytochemical classes were induced 48 hours after inoculation. But only a small number of metabolites were found to be correlated with DMR and these were enriched with phenylpropanoids. These metabolites were also correlated with DMR when measured from the non-infected control set. A genome-wide association study revealed co-localization of the major DMR loci and the phenylpropanoid pathway markers indicating that the major contribution to resistance is mediated by these metabolites in a heritable manner. The application of three putative prophylactic phenylpropanoids led to a reduced degree of leaf infection in susceptible genotypes, confirming their protective activity either directly or as precursors of active compounds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33037636 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Evaluation of the use of untargeted metabolomics in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops. Metabolomics. 2020 Oct 09;16(10):111 Authors: Bedair M, Glenn KC Abstract BACKGROUND: The safety assessment of foods and feeds from genetically modified (GM) crops includes the comparison of key characteristics, such as crop composition, agronomic phenotype and observations from animal feeding studies compared to conventional counterpart varieties that have a history of safe consumption, often including a near isogenic variety. The comparative compositional analysis of GM crops has been based on targeted, validated, quantitative analytical methods for the key food and feed nutrients and antinutrients for each crop, as identified by Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED). As technologies for untargeted metabolomic methods have evolved, proposals have emerged for their use to complement or replace targeted compositional analytical methods in regulatory risk assessments of GM crops to increase the number of analyzed metabolites. AIM OF REVIEW: The technical opportunities, challenges and strategies of including untargeted metabolomics analysis in the comparative safety assessment of GM crops are reviewed. The results from metabolomics studies of GM and conventional crops published over the last eight years provide context to enable the discussion of whether metabolomics can materially improve the risk assessment of food and feed from GM crops beyond that possible by the Codex-defined practices used worldwide for more than 25 years. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: Published studies to date show that environmental and genetic factors affect plant metabolomics profiles. In contrast, the plant biotechnology process used to make GM crops has little, if any consequence, unless the inserted GM trait is intended to alter food or feed composition. The nutritional value and safety of food and feed from GM crops is well informed by the quantitative, validated compositional methods for list of key analytes defined by crop-specific OECD consensus documents. Untargeted metabolic profiling has yet to provide data that better informs the safety assessment of GM crops than the already rigorous Codex-defined quantitative comparative assessment. Furthermore, technical challenges limit the implementation of untargeted metabolomics for regulatory purposes: no single extraction method or analytical technique captures the complete plant metabolome; a large percentage of metabolites features are unknown, requiring additional research to understand if differences for such unknowns affect food/feed safety; and standardized methods are needed to provide reproducible data over time and laboratories. PMID: 33037482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Integrative analysis of non-targeted lipidomic data and brain structural imaging identifies phosphatidylethanolamine associated with epileptogenesis. Metabolomics. 2020 Oct 09;16(10):110 Authors: Qiu X, Zhang L, Kinoshita M, Lai W, Zheng W, Peng A, Li W, Yang L, Zhang L, Gong M, Chen L Abstract INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a chronic disease, while epileptogenesis is a latent period where brain will be transformed into an epileptic one. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to provide information of hippocampal lipidomic changes related with epileptogenesis in two kindling models. Combining hippocampal structural imaging indices, our study also attempts to assess biochemical alterations as a function of epileptogenesis in a non-invasive way. METHODS: We constructed two kinds of chemical kindling models, which have long been used as models of epileptogenesis. Two kindling and one control groups were all subjected to structural imaging acquisition after successfully kindled. Voxel-based morphometry, a postprocessing method for brain imaging data, was used to segment and extract hippocampal gray matter volume for subsequent integrative analysis. LC-MS based lipidomic analysis was applied to identify distinct hippocampal lipidomic profiles between kindling and control groups. Further, we regress hippocampal structural indices on lipids to identify those associated with both epileptogenesis and brain structural changes. RESULTS: We report distinct lipidomic profiles between kindling groups and control. A total of 638 lipids were detected in all three groups. Among them were 98 individual lipids, showing significant alterations, in particular lipid class of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), glucosylceramide and phosphatidylcholine. Hippocampal gray matter volumes were found significant different between groups (P = 0.0223). After combining brain imaging data, we demonstrate several individual PE, namely PE(O-18:1_22:3), PE(O-18:1_22:6) and PE(18:1_18:1), are associated with both epileptogenesis and hippocampal gray matter volume. CONCLUSION: This study suggests metabolic pathway of PE might involve in epileptogenesis. Also, for the first time, we link level of PE with structural brain imaging indices, in an attempt to potentiate the futuristic application of noninvasive brain imaging techniques to identify epileptogenesis in its latent period. PMID: 33037443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Altered metabolomic profiling of overweight and obese adolescents after combined training is associated with reduced insulin resistance. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 09;10(1):16880 Authors: Duft RG, Castro A, Bonfante ILP, Lopes WA, da Silva LR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Leite N, Cavaglieri CR Abstract Exercise training and a healthy diet are the main non-pharmacological strategies for treating chronic conditions, such as obesity and insulin resistance (IR), in adolescents. However, the isolated metabolic changes caused by exercise training without dietary intervention have not yet been established. We investigated how combined training (CT) without dietary intervention altered the concentrations of serum metabolites, biochemical, anthropometric and functional parameters in overweight and obese adolescents. Thirty-seven adolescents (14.6 ± 1.05 years), of both sexes, were randomly assigned to the control group (CG, n = 19) or the training group (TG, n = 18). The CT was composed by resistance training and aerobic training performed in the same session (~ 60 min), three times a week, for 12 weeks. All assessments were performed pre and post-intervention. Metabolomics analyses were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) in a 600 MHz spectrometer. There was a decrease in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), % body fat (%BF), fasting glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance (IR), by HOMA-IR, in the TG. An increase in fat-free mass (FFM) was also observed in the CG. The metabolic changes were given mainly by changes in the levels of metabolites 2-oxoisocaproate (↓TG), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (↑CG and ↓TG), glucose (↓TG), glutamine (↓CG and ↑TG) and pyruvate (↓TG). These findings demonstrate the positive effects of CT program without dietary intervention on metabolomic profile, body composition, biochemical markers, and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese adolescents. PMID: 33037261 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]