PubMed

Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 20;15:1425154. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1425154. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTTop removal is a widely utilized method in production process of tobacco, but little is known regarding the way it impacts protein and metabolic regulation. In this study, we investigated the underlying processes of alterations in cigar tobacco leaves with and without top removal, using a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach. The results revealed that: (1) Topping significantly affected superoxide anion (O2 -) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, (2) In the cigar tobacco proteome, 385 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 228 proteins upregulated and 156 downregulated. Key pathways enriched included flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. A network of 161 nodes interconnected by 102 significantly altered proteins was established, (3) In the cigar tobacco metabolome, 247 significantly different metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 120 upregulated and 128 downregulated metabolites, mainly comprising lipids and lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, organic acids and derivatives, and organic heterocyclic compounds, (4) KEGG pathway enrichment revealed upregulation of proteins such as chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H), and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (F3'H), along with metabolites like pinocembrin, kaempferol, trifolin, rutin, and quercetin, enhancing the pathways of 'flavonoid' and 'flavone and flavonol' biosynthesis. This study sheds light on the metabolic and proteomic responses of cigar tobacco after topping.PMID:40052119 | PMC:PMC11882365 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2024.1425154

IMA Fungus. 2025 Feb 17;16:e141036. doi: 10.3897/imafungus.16.141036. eCollection 2025.ABSTRACTAstertataricus is a plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. From its roots, we isolated four endophytic fungi strains. After mass spectrometry analysis and subsequent molecular networking and dereplication, one of the strain's extracts showed a cluster of yet undescribed natural products. Additionally, the extract was found to be lethal for the nematode Caenorhabditiselegans and cytotoxic against eukaryotic cell lines. The fungal strain was characterized by morphological and molecular studies, allowing its description as a new species in the genus Tengochaeta (Chaetomiaceae), Tengochaetabulbillosa. After cultivation and extraction of the strain, the major secondary metabolites were isolated. Structure elucidation based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry revealed these compounds to be five new azaphilones. Additionally, the localization of these azaphilones in the host plant was studied by mass spectrometry imaging of different plant tissues, revealing that they were mainly localized in the aerial parts of the plant. The main compound, bulbillosin A, was evaluated for its activity against sixty cancer cell lines, revealing a differential cytotoxicity profile.PMID:40052077 | PMC:PMC11882021 | DOI:10.3897/imafungus.16.141036

Front Mol Neurosci. 2025 Feb 20;18:1548255. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2025.1548255. eCollection 2025.ABSTRACTMitochondrial integrity is fundamental to cellular function, upheld by a network of proteases that regulate proteostasis and mitochondrial dynamics. Among these proteases, AFG3L2 is critical due to its roles in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, regulating mitochondrial protein quality, and facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mutations in AFG3L2 are implicated in a spectrum of diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia type 28 (SCA28) and spastic ataxia 5 (SPAX5), as well as other systemic conditions. This study employs a multi-omics approach to investigate the biochemical impact of AFG3L2 mutations in immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from a patient with biallelic variants leading to spastic ataxia (SPAX5). Our proteomic analysis revealed AFG3L2 impairment, with significant dysregulation of proteins critical for mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal integrity, and cellular metabolism. Specifically, disruptions were observed in mitochondrial dynamics and calcium homeostasis, alongside downregulation of key proteins like COX11, a copper chaperone for complex IV assembly, and NFU1, an iron-sulfur cluster protein linked to spastic paraparesis and infection-related worsening. Lipidomic analysis highlighted substantial alterations in lipid composition, with significant decreases in sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine, reflecting disruptions in lipid metabolism and membrane integrity. Metabolomic profiling did not reveal any significant findings. Our comprehensive investigation into loss of functional AFG3L2 elucidates a pathophysiology extending beyond mitochondrial proteostasis, implicating a wide array of cellular processes. The findings reveal substantial cellular disturbances at multiple levels, contributing to neurodegeneration through disrupted mitochondrial respiratory chain, calcium homeostasis, cytoskeletal integrity, and altered lipid homeostasis. This study underscores the complexity of SPAX5 pathophysiology and the importance of multi-omics approaches in developing effective strategies to address the impact of loss of functional AFG3L2. Our data also highlight the value of immortalized lymphoblastoid cells as a tool for pre-clinical testing and research, offering a detailed biochemical fingerprint that enhances our understanding of SPAX5 and identifies potential areas for further investigation.PMID:40051915 | PMC:PMC11882581 | DOI:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1548255

Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 20;16:1568039. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1568039. eCollection 2025.NO ABSTRACTPMID:40051876 | PMC:PMC11882544 | DOI:10.3389/fpls.2025.1568039

Heliyon. 2025 Feb 13;11(4):e42668. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42668. eCollection 2025 Feb 28.ABSTRACTAdult neural stem cells divide to produce neurons that migrate to preexisting neuronal circuits in a process named adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis is one of the most exciting areas of current neuroscience, and it may be involved in a range of brain functions, including cognition, learning, memory, and social and behavior changes. While there is a growing number of multi-omics studies on adult neurogenesis, generalized analyses from a multi-omics perspective are lacking. In this review, we summarize studies related to genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and microbiomics of adult neurogenesis, and then discuss their future research priorities and potential neighborhoods. This will provide theoretical guidance and new directions for future research on adult neurogenesis.PMID:40051854 | PMC:PMC11883395 | DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42668

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Feb 20;14:1497563. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1497563. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Xingnao Jiutan tablets (XNJT), a compound Chinese medicine, have been applied to the treatment of the sequelae of cerebral thrombosis or cerebral hemorrhage, transient cerebral ischemia, and central retinal vein obstruction, etc., but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. This research focused on examining the impact of XNJT for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury, utilizing gut microbiota and metabolomic studies.METHODS: The primary components of XNJT were identified through the application of the HPLC technique. We established a MCAO/ R model in mice and conducted behavioral evaluations, cerebral blood flow measurements, and TTC staining. We used ELISA, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics techniques to detect inflammatory factors, microbial populations, and metabolites, respectively. Finally, we performed Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the relationships among gut microbiota and metabolites, comprehensively exploring the mechanisms of XNJT to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.RESULTS: We discovered that XNJT effectively enhanced neurological performance, alleviated cerebral infarction, diminished neuronal cell death, and increased cerebral blood flow. Moreover, XNJT downregulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF, IL-6, and IL-1b. Additionally, XNJT improved gut microbiota levels in MCAO/R mice, particularly Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Escherichia-Shigella, and Ligilactobacillus. Furthermore, XNJT primarily modulated differential metabolites in the gut through Glycerophospholipid, Linoleic acid, and Sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations among intestinal microbiota and various metabolites.DISCUSSION: In summary, our findings suggest that XNJT can improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury outcomes, reduce inflammatory responses, and regulate gut microbiota and differential metabolites. It's possible that the potential mechanisms are connected to controlling gut microbiota and metabolism.PMID:40051840 | PMC:PMC11882549 | DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1497563

Hortic Res. 2024 Nov 27;12(3):uhae335. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae335. eCollection 2025 Mar.ABSTRACTBottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl) is a widely distributed Cucurbitaceae species, but gaps and low-quality assemblies have limited its genomic study. To address this, we assembled a nearly complete, high-quality genome of the bottle gourd (Pugua) using PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C correction. The genome, being 298.67 Mb long with a ContigN50 of 28.55 Mb, was identified to possess 11 chromosomes, 11 centromeres, 18 telomeres, and 24 439 predicted protein-coding genes; notably, gap-free telomere-to-telomere assembly was accomplished for seven chromosomes. Based on the Pugua genome, the transcriptomic and metabolomic combined analyses revealed that amino acids and lipids accumulate during the expansion stage, while sugars and terpenoids increase during ripening. GA4 and genes of the Aux/IAA family mediate fruit expansion and maturation, while cell wall remodeling is regulated by factors such as XTHs, EXPs, polyphenols, and alkaloids, contributing to environmental adaptation. GGAT2 was positively correlated with glutamate, a source of umami, and SUS5 and SPS4 expression aligned with sucrose accumulation. This study provides a valuable genetic resource for bottle gourd research, enhancing the understanding of Cucurbitaceae evolution and supporting further studies on bottle gourd development, quality, and genetic improvement.PMID:40051576 | PMC:PMC11883228 | DOI:10.1093/hr/uhae335

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025 Feb 20;12:1549900. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1549900. eCollection 2025.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children as an acute systemic vasculitis. Numerous studies indicated an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease due to metabolic disturbances. Despite this knowledge, the specific metabolic modes involved in KD remain unclear.METHODS: We examined the metabolome of individuals with 108 KD and 52 non-KD controls (KD vs. nKD) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS).RESULTS: Differential analysis uncovered the disturbed production of bile acids and lipids in KD. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, and coronary artery (CA) occurrence on the metabolome. Our findings suggested that IVIG treatment alters the lipid and amino acid metabolism of KD patients. By orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), there was no significant difference between the coronary injury groups and non-coronary injury groups, and IVIG resistance didn't appear to cause the metabolic change in KD patients.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with KD exhibit metabolic abnormalities, particularly in bile acids and lipids. IVIG interventions may partially ameliorate these lipid abnormalities.PMID:40051431 | PMC:PMC11882569 | DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1549900

JHEP Rep. 2024 Dec 16;7(3):101289. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101289. eCollection 2025 Mar.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND & AIMS: Exercise is a key component of lifestyle management in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but neither its therapeutic effect on the active stage of the disease, that is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) nor the mediating mechanisms have been characterized. Therefore, we performed multi-omic phenotyping of patients with MASLD-MASH on an exercise program.METHODS: Fifteen patients with MASLD conducted high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with home-based training for 12 weeks. MASLD was evaluated using histology, transient elastography, and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after the intervention. Change in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and MRI-determined liver fat were compared with a control group of patients with MASLD (n = 22). RNA sequencing was performed on liver, muscle, and fat biopsies of patients in the exercise group. Stool was analyzed by shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics was performed on plasma, urine, adipose, and stool.RESULTS: HIIT increased VO2max by 10.1% and improved mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle, indicating improved cardiorespiratory fitness and adherence. VO2max increased significantly in the exercise group compared with controls. Histologically, no reduction in steatosis, MASH, or liver fibrosis was observed; however, transient elastography tended to improve. MRI-determined liver fat did not change in the exercise group compared with controls. HIIT induced changes in mRNA expression of genes related to beiging of adipose tissue and fibrogenesis in liver. In addition, specific gut microbial taxa and metabolites changed.CONCLUSIONS: HIIT increased cardiorespiratory fitness and induced beneficial gene expression changes in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, but without translation into histological improvement of MASLD. Longer exercise intervention trials are warranted to validate or refute current recommendations for exercise as a cornerstone treatment for MASLD-MASH.IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Despite exercise being considered as a key component of lifestyle management for steatotic liver disease, neither the clinical effects nor the mechanisms involved are completely understood. We show that a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program in 15 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) improved cardiorespiratory fitness, compared with 22 control patients with MASLD who did not participate in an exercise program, however, it did not improve MASLD. HIIT induced a positive effect on fat tissue and muscle metabolism which was accompanied with changes in certain gut bacteria and metabolites in blood and urine. These findings improve our understanding of the effects of exercise on the whole-body metabolism in relation to steatotic liver disease. As such, this study provides a basis for future exercise interventions in patients with MASLD, required to thoroughly test current guideline advice for exercise as a cornerstone treatment for MASLD of all stages.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: Dutch Trial Register (registration number NL7932).PMID:40051412 | PMC:PMC11883402 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101289

New Phytol. 2025 Mar 7. doi: 10.1111/nph.70022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLipids play crucial roles in plant-microbe interactions, functioning as structural components, signaling molecules, and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, the mechanisms underlying lipid perception and signaling in plants remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the immune responses activated in barley (Hordeum vulgare) by lipid extracts from the beneficial root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica and compare them to responses elicited by chitohexaose and the fungal sterol ergosterol. We demonstrate that S. indica lipid extract induces hallmarks of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in barley. Ergosterol emerged as the primary immunogenic component and was detected in the apoplastic fluid of S. indica-colonized barley roots. Notably, S. indica colonization suppresses the ergosterol-induced burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in barley. By employing a multi-omics approach, which integrates transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics, we provide evidence for the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) metabolic enzymes and activation of diterpene biosynthesis upon exposure to fungal lipids. Furthermore, we show that phosphatidic acid (PA) enhances lipid-mediated apoplastic ROS production in barley. These findings indicate that plant lipids facilitate immune responses to fungal lipids in barley, providing new insights into lipid-based signaling mechanisms in plant-microbe interactions.PMID:40051371 | DOI:10.1111/nph.70022

Clin Cardiol. 2025 Mar;48(3):e70112. doi: 10.1002/clc.70112.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common arrhythmic disorder, is increasing in prevalence annually and has become an important public health problem that jeopardizes human health. Metabolites are small molecules produced in the process of metabolic reactions, and they can affect the risk of disease and possibly become targets for disease management.METHODS: We used two-sample and bidirectional MR to explore potential causal associations between lipid groups and AF. Two-step MR analysis was used to explore whether plasma metabolites mediated a causal effect from lipidomes to AF.RESULT: We assessed the effect of 179 lipids on AF using IVW models and observed that 8 lipids were associated significantly with AF (p < 0.05). Likewise, we assessed the effect of 1091 metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios on AF and observed that 22 metabolites were significantly associated with AF (p < 0.05). We analyzed the blood metabolites above as mediators in the pathway from the lipidomes above to AF. We found that levels. Of lipid sterol ester (27:1/18:3) were associated with lower homoarginine levels, and lower metabolite homoarginine levels were associated with an increased risk of AF.CONCLUSION: Our study identified a causal relationship between plasma liposomes and AF, and additionally found that the plasma metabolite homoarginine levels can act as a mediator of the lipid sterol ester in its effect on AF.PMID:40051326 | DOI:10.1002/clc.70112

J Proteome Res. 2025 Mar 7;24(3):977-978. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00147.NO ABSTRACTPMID:40051301 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00147

J Transl Med. 2025 Mar 6;23(1):285. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06310-y.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease involving multiple pathological processes, including energy metabolism, cartilage repair, and osteogenesis. To investigate the alterations in critical metabolic pathways and differential proteins in osteoarthritis patients through metabolomic and proteomic analyses and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying synovial osteogenesis during osteoarthritis progression.METHODS: Metabolomics was used to analyze metabolites in the synovial fluid and synovium of osteoarthritis patients (osteoarthritis group: 10; control group: 10), whereas proteomics was used to examine differential protein expression. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed to evaluate osteogenesis.RESULTS: Upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle: Significant upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the synovial fluid and synovium of osteoarthritis patients indicated increased energy metabolism and cartilage repair activity. Arginine metabolism and collagen degradation: Elevated levels of ornithine, proline, and hydroxyproline in the synovial fluid reflect active collagen degradation and metabolism, contributing to joint cartilage breakdown. Abnormal Phenylalanine Metabolism: Increased phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolite levels in osteoarthritis patients suggest their involvement in cartilage destruction and osteoarthritis progression. Synovial osteogenesis: Increased expression of type I collagen in the synovium and elevated alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed the occurrence of osteogenesis, potentially driven by the differentiation of synovial fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Relationships between differential proteins and osteogenesis: FN1 and TGFBI are closely associated with synovial osteogenesis, while the upregulation of energy metabolism pathways provides the energy source for osteogenic transformation.CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in energy metabolism, cartilage repair, and osteogenic mechanisms are critical. The related metabolites and proteins have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.PMID:40050855 | DOI:10.1186/s12967-025-06310-y

Genes Nutr. 2025 Mar 6;20(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12263-025-00763-y.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The TCF7L2 gene is a significant genetic factor contributing to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We previously found that subjects with the TT genotype of TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant, who consume a low-fat diet (LF) had a higher incidence of stroke than subjects with the CC genotype. Yet this association was abolished in subjects with the TT genotype who consumed a Mediterranean-type diet (MetD). However, the mechanism by which MetD diet modulates the association between TCF7L2 and CVD risk is unclear. This study aims to validate these findings under real-world conditions and clinical practice to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved in this correlation.METHODS: Thirty-five participants with BMI ranging from 27 to 34 kg/m2 were recruited based on rs7903146 genotype. Of those consented to participate, 21 had the CC and 14 had the TT genotype. Participants were randomly assigned to two dietary intervention groups, ensuring an equal distribution of CC and TT carriers. Each participant followed one of two diets (LF or MetD) for one week, followed by a 10-day washout period before switching to the other diet for one week. Blood samples were collected before and after each diet for metabolomic analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The differential effect of the diets on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was determined based on TCF7L2 genotype.RESULTS: The MetD significantly reduced triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations compared to the LF diet. After consuming the LF diet, TT carriers exhibited more small VLDL particles, potentially contributing to CVD risk compared to CC carriers. However, this difference in risk was not observed with the MetD. Furthermore, the order in which the two diets were crossed affected the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profile, with LF-MetD regimen showing a stronger effect on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) levels than the MetD-LF regimen.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that rs7903146 TT carriers benefit more from a MetD than a LF diet in terms of their triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profile, which may reduce their risk of CVD. These results support the notion that genotype is a factor in determining the extent to which the MetD affects cardiovascular health.PMID:40050721 | DOI:10.1186/s12263-025-00763-y

Genet Sel Evol. 2025 Mar 6;57(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s12711-025-00960-8.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Metabolomics opens novel avenues to study the basic biological mechanisms underlying complex traits, starting from characterization of metabolites. Metabolites and their levels in a biofluid represent simple molecular phenotypes (metabotypes) that are direct products of enzyme activities and relate to all metabolic pathways, including catabolism and anabolism of nutrients. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of merging metabolomics and genomics in pigs to uncover a large list of genetic factors that influence mammalian metabolism.RESULTS: We obtained targeted characterization of the plasma metabolome of more than 1300 pigs from two populations of Large White and Duroc pig breeds. The metabolomic profiles of these pigs were used to identify genetically influenced metabolites by estimating the heritability of the level of 188 metabolites. Then, combining breed-specific genome-wide association studies of single metabolites and their ratios and across breed meta-analyses, we identified a total of 97 metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTL), associated with 126 metabolites. Using these results, we constructed a human-pig comparative catalog of genetic factors influencing the metabolomic profile. Whole genome resequencing data identified several putative causative mutations for these mQTL. Additionally, based on a major mQTL for kynurenine level, we designed a nutrigenetic study feeding piglets that carried different genotypes at the candidate gene kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) varying levels of tryptophan and demonstrated the effect of this genetic factor on the kynurenine pathway. Furthermore, we used metabolomic profiles of Large White and Duroc pigs to reconstruct metabolic pathways using Gaussian Graphical Models, which included perturbation of the identified mQTL.CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided the first catalog of genetic factors affecting molecular phenotypes that describe the pig blood metabolome, with links to important metabolic pathways, opening novel avenues to merge genetics and nutrition in this livestock species. The obtained results are relevant for basic and applied biology and to evaluate the pig as a biomedical model. Genetically influenced metabolites can be further exploited in nutrigenetic approaches in pigs. The described molecular phenotypes can be useful to dissect complex traits and design novel feeding, breeding and selection programs in pigs.PMID:40050712 | DOI:10.1186/s12711-025-00960-8

Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 7;15(1):7930. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89032-x.ABSTRACTSuberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer that acts as an internal and external diffusion and transpiration barrier in plants. It is involved in two phases of wound healing, i.e. initial closing layer formation and subsequent wound periderm development. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of wounded potato leaf tissue revealed preferential induction of cell wall modifying processes during closing layer formation, accompanied by a highly active defense response. To address the importance of suberin in this process, we generated loss of function mutants by CRISPR-Cas9 editing the suberin transporter gene StABCG1. Both wound-induced StABCG1 transcript levels and suberin formation around wounded leaf tissue were reduced in CRISPR-lines. Moreover, wound-induced tissue damage was characterized by browning of wound-adjacent areas. Transcriptome analyses of these areas revealed up-regulation of genes encoding defense proteins and enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Levels of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, acting in defense and in cell wall reinforcement, were drastically enhanced in CRISPR compared to control plants. These results suggest that the reduction in suberin formation around wounded tissue leads to a loss of barrier function, resulting in tissue browning due to enhanced exposure to oxygen.PMID:40050620 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-89032-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 7;15(1):7939. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88321-9.ABSTRACTPanax vietnamensis, indigenous to Vietnam and southern China, is classified into three subspecies: Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (PVV), Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (PVF), and Panax vietnamensis var. langbianensis (PVL). A method to distinguish these varieties in their intact form is absent, which poses a possible risk of misclassification. Here, we aimed to devise a plant metabolite-based discrimination algorithm for the three varieties, without causing significant damage to individual plants. A multivariate analysis on mass spectral data of PVV, PVF, and PVL revealed that a peak at m/z 426, which was subsequently identified as an indole alkaloid glycoside, was exclusive to PVF and therefore clearly distinguished PVF from PVV and PVL. Additionally, global metabolic profiling was conducted to elucidate the discrimination markers between PVV and PVL, and lysophospholipids and hydroxy fatty acids were selected as potential discrimination markers. The performance of these markers was validated by cross-validation using machine learning algorithm.PMID:40050383 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-88321-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 7;15(1):7925. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92203-5.ABSTRACTParturition and lactation stress greatly affect physiological and metabolic status of postpartum cows. Monitoring feeding behavior can help assess the health status of postpartum cows. This study aimed to explore the changes in feeding behavior, milk yield (MY), serum indexes, and metabolites of dairy cows during three weeks postpartum. Furthermore, the relationships between feeding behavior, milk yield and serum metabolites were investigated. One hundred seventy-eight healthy multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled to continuously record feeding behavior variables, including feeding time (FT), frequency of feeding (FF), and average feeding time (AFT), using the Nedap neck collar devices, wherein the milk yield was recorded. Out of 178 Holstein dairy cows, 20 cows with the same parity number (2 parities), body condition score (3.0 ± 0.25, recorded in 7 days before parturition), and with eutocic calvings, were selected to explore the serum indexes changes on week 1, 2, and 3 postpartum. Then, 7 cows were further selected based on similar calving date (± 7 d) for metabolic transition detection. Compared to week 1 postpartum, the FT and AFT normalized values on week 2 and 3 postpartum were significantly increased (P < 0.001). The normalized values of FT and AFT were significantly and positively correlated with MY (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the serum total protein (TP), total cholesterol (T-Chol) and IgA contents on week 2 and 3 postpartum were significantly increased compared to week 1 postpartum, while the β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration was significantly decreased. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leptin (LEP) contents of the 2nd week postpartum, were significantly declined compared to the 1st week postpartum. The normalized values of FT was negatively correlated with serum BHBA level, while positively correlated with the contents of TP and T-Chol (P < 0.05). According to UPLC-MS/MS and pathway analysis results, the serum levels of glycerophospholipids changed most in first three weeks postpartum, which were mainly related to glycerophospholipid metabolism. Finally, the correlation analysis showed that 29 glycerophospholipids (GPs) and 3 fatty acyls (FAs) were significantly and positively correlated with the FT and AFT normalized values (P < 0.05). Together, the findings suggest that the feeding behavior variables, such as FT and AFT, could serve as reliable indicators of energy metabolism in dairy cows during the first three weeks postpartum.PMID:40050381 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-92203-5

Sci Data. 2025 Mar 6;12(1):395. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-04746-x.ABSTRACTTargeted metabolomics was conducted on plasma samples from a nested case-cohort study within the biracial REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. This longitudinal study investigates health outcomes with a focus on stroke disparities across the United States, particularly in the Southeastern "Stroke Belt," where stroke risk and mortality are 2-4 times higher in the Black population. The REGARDS study recruited 30,239 Black and White participants aged 45 years or older. This dataset includes 2,377 baseline plasma samples collected between 2003 and 2007 from a stroke case-cohort sub-study, with 1,056 randomly selected cohort participants and 1,321 stroke cases. The resulting data provides a resource for investigating metabolic profiles and their potential implications for health outcomes and disparities.PMID:40050322 | DOI:10.1038/s41597-025-04746-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 6;15(1):7891. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91770-x.ABSTRACTFeline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is a common liver dysfunction caused by metabolic disorders. The objective was to evaluate the metabolic alteration in the cats of FHL and to identify biomarkers that can serve as biomarker for FHL. Differential metabolites in the serum of spontaneous FHL cats (FS, n = 12) and healthy cats (CS group, n = 12) were analyzed using GC/MS metabolomics. Differential metabolites with diagnostic significance were identified through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The expression level of the differential metabolite 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB) was detected in the serum of the FS and CS groups, and biomarker were established. The biomarker efficacy of 2-HB for FHL was verified using serum samples from cats with FHL caused by different etiologies (F, n = 10) and healthy cats (C, n = 50). There were 13 significantly different metabolites between the CS and FS groups (VIP > 1, P < 0.05) with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) greater than 0.70. The AUC for serum 2-HB was 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.767-1.000, P < 0.001), with an optimal critical value of 564.8 ng/L. By randomly detecting serum 2-HB in groups F and C (the optimal cut-off value is 564.8 ng/L), the detection rate for FHL diagnosis was 100% and the false positive rate was 0%. In cats with FHL, metabolic changes occur in amino acids, nucleotide sugars, glycerophospholipids, phenylalanine, galactose, alpha-linolenic acid, and glycerides. A serum 2-HB level greater than 564.8 ng/L serves as a biomarker for FHL.PMID:40050321 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-91770-x